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Like all studies of major religious
movements this study will attempt to be nothing more than an Introduction
to, and survey of Second Temple and Modern Judaism.
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Although the development of Second
Temple Judaism was an 'evolutionary" process which spread over many
centuries (at least 400 years in its early stages) it is the form of Judaism we encounter in the New Testament.
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The religious movement
we know as The Dead Sea Covenanters (or possibly imprecisely as The Dead Sea
Essenes) was a reaction to what many interpreted as the "heresy" of the
Pharisees, Sadducees, and Scribes associated with the Temple ca 4 BC.
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At an appropriate
point in the study of the many facets of Second Temple Judaism we will
comment briefly on the development of Jewish Mysticism and its significance
for contemporary studies in Judaism and New Testament Christianity.
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This slowly developing
movement of redefining Judaism which began ca 167 with the Maccabean Revolt
finally resulted ca 400 AD and 550 AD with the production of the Jerusalem
(Palestinian) and Babylonian Talmuds.
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We refer to this
period of religious rediscovery as Second Temple Judaism.
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Although we often do
not realize this, Second Temple Judaism is considerably different from First
Temple Judaism.
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In speaking of Second
Temple Judaism we have in mind the development of Judaism from the close of
the Old Testament era ca 400 BC through the development of the Talmud to the
modern era of the 21st century AD.
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In this study of
Second Temple Judaism and Modern Judaism we will explore the varied
characteristics of Modern Judaism.
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We will examine
briefly the historical circumstances that contributed to the development of
Second Temple Judaism.
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We will also comment
briefly on the nature of the literature of Second Temple Judaism, the
circumstances responsible for the development of this literary repository,
and the significance of this for contemporary studies of Judaism and New
Testament Christianity.
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The many aspects of
"denominational" Judaism will be briefly discussed.