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COMPONENTS OF JEWISH RELIGIOUS LAW SYSTEM Blue = Major Texts Red = Interpretations Black = Scholars 1. Torah – Tanak – Law of Moses a. The Old Testament in Christian terminology b. Torah originally referred only to the Pentateuch, but later by the time of Jesus and Paul was used for the whole Mosaic system 2. Haggadah
a.
Interpretation of Torah
b.
ca 141 BC – AD 70
c.
Done by “Zugoth” Scribes who
worked in pairs – “Zugoth” = pairs
d.
Hillel and Shammai the 5th
and last pair of Zugoth
3.
Hallakah
a.
Interpretation of “community”
laws, non-Tanak
b.
Ca 141 BC – AD 70
c.
“Zugoth” Scribal collection,
interpretation, and application
4.
Sopherim
a.
The “Zugoth” Scribes were
called Sopherim
b.
They worked in pairs
c.
ca 141 BC – AD 70
d.
It was they who interpreted
Haggadah and Hallakah
5.
Tannaim
a.
Rabbis and Teachers
b.
ca AD 70 – AD 200
c.
Taught by Repetition and
Memorization
d.
Heirs of the Pharisees and
Pharisaic Traditions
e.
Produced Midrash and
the Mishna
6.
Midrash
a.
Midrash
can refer to the style of interpreting a passage of Scripture
b.
Midrash
finds new application and meaning for a text
c.
Midrash
can refer to a collection of Midrashic interpretations
d.
Midrash
can refer to a text that has been interpreted in a particular manner
7.
Mishna
a.
A collection of
Jewish teachings on the legal system
b.
ca AD 220
c.
6
Orders/Sedarim/Zeraim
d.
63 Tractates
8.
Amoraim
a.
“Speakers” or Teachers of the
law
b.
Interpreted the Mishna and
Midrash
c.
Included: Haggadah
(Legal interpretation, Midrash Interp.), Tosephta
(Hallakoth, Eschatological, Anti-Christian), and Baraita (Hallakoth,
Influenced by Roman Law)
9.
Palestinian and
Babylonian Talmuds
Produced by Amoraim in AD 400
and AD 550 from Mishna, Midrash, and Torah interpretation. |